Description Of A Business Model - 915 Words

The business plan: 1. Description of the business model Describing chosen business model, articulate the pros and cons of both company-operated and franchise businesses and explain why I ultimately chose one model over the other. Pros and cons of company-operated and franchise businesses: Model Pros Cons Restaurant Franchisee Franchise Restaurants Have Clarity of Concept Invest in someone else’s entrepreneurial vision The Brand is Established Have to strictly follow Brand and Menu Guidelines Support from the Franchisor Franchise fees often higher Group Purchasing (buy material in huge quantity) Do not need much previous experience to by success Independent Restaurants High creative control High initial responsibilities Lower starting money Need pretty high previous experience to by success Own my own business High failure rate for startups Keep all profit Trial and error marketing Model Pros Cons My business is unique Funding difficulty Quickly change to adapt new situation I choose to open my own restaurant and I am sole owner with limited liability. My restaurant will be a limited liability company. Because of four main reasons: my cousin will lend me his house to open my restaurant with low price (compare to renting market), I have much experience in food business, I do not have much money to afford franchise fee, and I only have limited liability. 2. Description of financing model Show my plan for financing the operation and explain how I decided to balance debt, equity,Show MoreRelatedDescription Of The Business Model3289 Words   |  14 Pages Final Project- MBA620 1. Description of the Business Model Making the decision on whether to go forward with a start-up verses purchasing a franchise can be a difficult one. Many factors have to be considered in order make the best sound decision for that individual. Thankfully, many resources have been established so that research can be found easier. â€Å"There are also many options as far as entrepreneurial ventures are concerned. One of the most common decisions entrepreneurs face is whetherRead MoreDescription Of Targets Business Model Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesDescription of Targets Business Model Outputs Bedding Electronics Kitchen Goods Home Furnishings Market Segments College Students Newly Weds New Home Owners Parents to Be Marketing Efforts Direct Mail Internet Ads Word of Mouth Text Messaging By obtaining all of Targets subsidiaries, this has created and added a huge value to the company by making Target stand out amongst the crowd with their even larger than ever array and assortment of products that they carry all year round. Target sells productsRead MoreEnterprise Architecture : Architecture Vision772 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Description (Business Principles ,Summary of Principles) 3. Objective 4. Scope 5. Constraints 6. Architecture Vision 7. Architecture Work and Approval 1. Purpose and Project Establishment. The Architecture Vision is the early phase of Enterprise Architecture and provides high lever view of Product. This phase also supports Stakeholder Commutation by providing full architecture definition. This document shows contents of Architecture vision. 2. IDENTIFY BUSINESS GOLSRead MoreISAC Introduction ISAC stands for information systems work and analysis of changes. ISAC is the1100 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment process. The ISAC methodology was developed by a research group at the Swedish royal institute of technology and at the University of Stockholm. Systems descriptions are made and used throughout the system development process. The tools used for system description have an important impact on the quality of the description which are produced and hence on the quality of product. An information system is a system that has been developed to create, collect, store, distribute, process andRead MoreWhat Is Feasibility Analysis1559 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is Feasibility Analysis? †¢Feasibility Analysis –The process of determining whether a business idea is viable. –It is the preliminary evaluation of a business idea, conducted for the purpose of determining whether the idea is worth pursuing. –Feasibility analysis takes the guesswork (to a certain degree) out of a business launch, and provides an entrepreneur with a more secure notion that a business idea is feasible or viable. When To Conduct a Feasibility Analysis †¢Timing of FeasibilityRead MoreAnalysis : Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams985 Words   |  4 PagesDiagrams Description Mind Maps or Workflow Diagrams have been produced to provide visual aids to support the stage deliverables and work processes. The Workflow Diagrams are designed to give a stepwise approach to navigation through the Work Processes and consist of sequential blocks of activities and milestones linked in a logical format. This provides a quick and easy reference. 2.4 Level 3- Single Page Description: Each element or deliverable listed in the Project Implementation Model Mind MapsRead MoreHr of Honda816 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to identify the appropriate goals† and â€Å"formulate and implement a planning process gathered†. A model overview the whole planning process has been developed: Figure 1: Overview of human resource planning process (De Cieri, Kramar) At Honda Vietnam (HVN), the manpower plan is often made twice per year. It is one integral part of business amp; HR strategy. In order to implement the business strategy, they need the skilled workforce. Together with that, the learning amp; development is alsoRead MoreMethods For Defining And Analyzing Key EA Performance Metrics Analysis1105 Words   |  5 PagesCameron, B. H. (2015, February). Methods for Defining and Analyzing Key EA Performance Metrics. Business and Enterprise Architecture, 18(2), 1-22. Retrieved from https://www.cutter.com/sites/default/files/architecture/fulltext/reports/2015/02/index/ear1502.pdf This journal strives to close the gap between EA value and the metrics that will define its value. Within the document, the author defines specific categories, that when clearly defined, help prove the value of the organizations assets.Read MoreApplication Of A Solid Foundation1328 Words   |  6 PagesOnce the proposed project is understood and it is agreed upon that the system requirements will be supported, a solid foundation must be built to support the development of the system. Models and other documentation are used to aid in the visualization and description of the proposed system. Process models are used to identify and document the portion of system requirements that relates to data. Processes are the logical rules that are applied to transform the data into meaningful information. TheRead MoreDecision Making Tools952 Words   |  4 Pagesout in the first phase to analysis the existing system and finding out weather it can adopt to up gradation process on the existing b usiness model, if not then as per organization business requirements the translation or transformation will be carried out to improve business process, specifically on Application Tracking System on the basis of anywhere anytime model through web based application system. Process flow will be identified exactly and incorporated on system. Entity to process, process

Descriptive Essay About Frankenstein - 1605 Words

I woke up, just now, not remembering my surroundings. Running, is what I did. Anything to be away from the darkness that I was engulfed in. Anywhere could be better this place. I finally stopped running to take a breath. Shining, a light shimmered off of some glass allowing me to see a group of people dancing at what seemed like a party in a big house. Hesitantly, I slowly walk towards the huge house. Nervously, I just opened the door. Then I saw him... In the crowd of people who were running away from something with fear leaving with them, I saw him at the party. However, the teenaged boy was not running away. He just stood there . I didn’t know if he was in shocked or he was going to cry. It was one of those†¦show more content†¦I remembered Bill s voice. I remembered what the last thing he said to me. ‘’B-b-be careful G-Georgie!’’ Bill yelled from his bedroom window. So that was my name, Georgie. ‘’Okay! Love you Bill!’’ Is what I replied with. Those were my last words to Bill. At that moment the only thing I could possibly think of was what if I listened to Bill and been careful? Would I still have bumped my head and lost my boat. Maybe I wouldn’t have come across the demonic shape-shifting clown that took my life away from me. Coming back to reality and see now I’m standing by a sign that says ‘’Welcome to Derry’’. Behind the giant sign was a sewage tunnel. I walked into the grey water and walked around for a bit. Trying to find a spot to sleep, I soon reached what I thought was the end of the sewers, however it was the meeting point of where all the sewage pipes meet in Derry. For some reason I felt like I have been here before. In my own thought, I hear some say a name. ‘’Hiya, Georgie!’’ I turn around to see the one who took my last breath away from me, Pennywise. ‘â €™Welcome back!’’ The clown said, as I stepped back away from my nightmare. It moved closer to me. ‘’Did you miss me?’’ The clown said to me now and hovering over me with a big smile on his face. ‘’NO!’’ I screamed as I pushed pasted him running. ‘’ YOUR NOT REAL’’ I said sobbing. Quickly, the demonic creature turned only his head and back towards me makingShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Frankenstein1297 Words   |  6 Pagescoming home and talking about the ‘’Loser’’ gang. I come out of my thought and realize Eddie is looking at me sadly. I then say ‘’ It’s okay there’s nothing you can do’’ I lay on the floor and say ‘’ I’m already dead’’ with a hint of sarcasm. I turn my head towards the other teens and see Pennywise is gone and they all ran towards me. I look at Bill and see his eyes are glossy and he s about to cry. I tell Bill to tell me about what I have missed. He starts telling me about a fiery redhead girlRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe following essay is a book review of Frankenstein, which summarizes and evaluates the story. The purpose of this essay is to describe the two important qualities, which are the overview of the plot (including the characters of the book), and the book’s strengths as well as weaknesses. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley and is about a young man named Victor who creates his own human through multiple types of science. The novel is about the monster’s journey in understanding where he cameRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreEssay about The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing who really is portrayed as the monster in her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus†. Frankenstein was written in 1816, (thought by many to be the first real science fiction novel) dur ing the age of Romanticism and it tells the story of a selfish man, Victor Frankenstein, whose ambition conducts him to seek for supernatural powers and leads him to death. He is a young scientist, eager to discover something new, the key to life, help to makeRead MoreThe Task Of Composing A Descriptive Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, my Composition I teacher assigned the class the task of composing a descriptive essay. This led me to the question, â€Å"what is a descriptive essay?† What topic could I possible write about for three whole pages? What have I done, seen, or experience that could fill these three long pages? My life thus far has been quite sheltered, so this has created quite the dilemma for me. Being that I am supposed to be descriptive, I feel the need to describe the stress that this has created for me. My physicalRead More Chapter 5 of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2016 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 5 of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Within this essay I intend to discuss how Frankenstein and his creature change and how subconsciously they love each other. Chapter 5 will be used to show different themes as well as seeing how Frankenstein acts around his creation. Also the way Frankenstein has played God will be seen in this chapter. I will start this essay by looking at chapter 5. Shelley shows, in chapter 5, Frankenstein and the creature’s reaction to the ‘creation’. ShelleyRead MoreIdeas and Warnings in Frankenstein Essay2128 Words   |  9 PagesFrankenstein is full of ideas and warnings, which are relevant to a modern day audience; in what ways does Shelley explore. Frankenstein Coursework Q. Frankenstein is full of ideas and warnings, which are relevant to a modern day audience; in what ways does Shelley explore these ideas? The novel Frankenstein is set in the pre 1914’s, when there were theories on certain things that they did not understand. It is full of darkness and tragedy in some places. In the book, Mary Shelley the Read More11 Types of Essay4025 Words   |  17 PagesEDITORIAL ESSAY Car has become a basic necessity for everyone these days. There are many people who are simply crazy about cars. An essay on car is a very interesting thing to do. One can write a lot about a car in an essay. An essay on car mentions the different kinds of cars, its basic utility, different features of car, etc. There are many people who have very vague knowledge about the cars but still are interested in spending money on buying cars. It is quite unusual to write an essay on carsRead MoreHello2980 Words   |  12 Pagesstate produced by an imbalance of feelings is corrected and emotional health is restored. Causal Relationship (cause and effect)—In causal relationships, a writer assert that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument. Characterization—The method an author uses to develop characters in a work. In direct characterization, the author straightforwardly states the character’s traits. With indirect characterizationRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesdesire to stir the reader, and by the writers consciousness of the real world. But in a work of literature, all of these streams flow through the world the writer creates. 1.2. Literary genres To interpret a literary work, one needs to know something about its genre. The distinctions between genres of literary works are flexible and loosely defined, often with subgroups. The most general genres in literature are (in a chronological order): epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, short story, and creative nonfiction

Deadly Unna Essay Free Essays

Deadly Unna by Phillip Gwyn is a story about the friendship between two boys set up in a small country town in the 1980’s South Australia. Gary Black (or Blacky) is the protagonist, a fifteen year old boy with many siblings, who develops and matures. He becomes highly aware of racism in the small country town against aboriginal people, as well as many other issues through out the course of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Deadly Unna Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through out the story he meets a girl named Cathy that he gets smitten by, he looses his friend Dumby because he died in a shoot out down by the bar, so he drastically matures as the novel progress. Some of the other significant themes dealt with by Deadly Unna are the issues related to life in a small country town and the idea of loss of childhood innocence. Let’s begin when Blacky’s ALF team gets trophies for a specific category e. g. : scored most goals ECT. Dumby was the ‘best man on field’ so he obviously deserved and earned the ‘Best Man on Field’ Trophy. But instead the trophy was awarded to Mark-Arks. Remember when Dumby tried to mug Macca’s bar, he died because he shoot him with a shotgun and the police didn’t even try to solve the case. Basically nobody cared just because Dumby was just another Aborigines kid. Speaking of Maccas’s bar, all the gonyas sits in the front of the bar. But the Nungas is in the back. Except for one person called Tommy who always says Chug-A-Lug. But he’s only there because he is always drunk and it’s funny for the Gonyas. When the Slogs wrote BOONGS PISS OFF. This really affected Blacky because he became so aware of racism ever since Dumby’s death. Blacky’s loss of childhood innocence begun when Dumby died, one of his best friends that he has ever had just disappeared and now his childhood has basically vanished because everything he knew as a child is now gone. When Gary wanted to grab some paint and a brush his dad busted him and told Blacky to put the brush and the paint down. But Gary has matured because he as gone through so much that he has lost his childhood. All the Sad stuff that has been going on in his life made him realise that he is not a little kid anymore, especially when Darcy said ‘I dare say they should Blacky, I dare say they should†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He now sees what racism people have against the Aboriginal population, and now his childhood has passed away. Another example is when Gary gets smitten by Cathy, this is a prime example that he has now matured and moved on to his teenage life. How to cite Deadly Unna Essay, Essays

Branding Activities of a Micro Industrial Services Company free essay sample

Jenny Sandbacka, Satu Natti and Jaana Tahtinen Department of Marketing, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the internal and external corporate branding activities of micro-sized industrial business services companies. Design/methodology/approach – An abductive research approach and a case study method were used. Data were gathered with thematic interviews from three sources, a case company, its distributors, and its end customers. Findings – A model for building a corporate brand identity and image in a micro-sized industrial business services company was devised. Key activities, including de? ning company values and the business idea, designing, managing and stabilizing the service process, utilizing holistic corporate communications, networking as well as activating and retaining stakeholders and utilizing feedback, to build a corporate brand were identi? ed. Research limitations/implications – As the importance of the internal branding can be presumed to rise with headcount, the repeatability of this study is weakened by the case organization being a micro company. Several suggestions for future research can be made based on this study: the causality of the presented model’s connections with quantitative methods, the network branding and service company brand hierarchies. Practical implications – This paper shows how a micro company can build its brand, without deploying extra resources. Moreover, it suggests ways of utilizing external resources, by exploring how the company’s stakeholders can participate in the branding process. Originality/value – This study expands the service branding literature to industrial services micro companies by identifying activities that they can undertake. Keywords Corporate branding, Business-to-business, Stakeholders, Networking Paper type Case study Introduction The strong growth of the service sector (Mitchell, 1998), intensi? ed competition within it (Berry, 2000), the shortening of the service lifecycle, and the imitability of services have directed researchers’ and practitioners’ attention to branding (King, 1991). Yet the understanding of branding services companies has not kept up with the growth of the industrial service sector (Davis et al. , 2008) and service brands have been less successful than product brands (McDonald et al. 2001). The reason is most likely a lack of branding knowledge contributing to unproductive product branding initiatives in the service context (de Chernatony et al. , 2003). Research on branding industrial services companies has been very limited (Davis et al. , 2008) partly because businessto-business (B2B) transactions are considered purely rational and the effect of brands to be mini mal (Mudambi et al. , 1997, p. 84 cited in de Chernatony, 1998, pp. 73-86; Ballantyne and The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www. emeraldinsight. om/0887-6045. htm Aitken, 2007). However, several studies (e. g. Lynch and de Chernatony, 2004, 2007; Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2007) have shown that the in? uence of emotional and intangible factors is not limited to consumer markets. In fact, professional buyers who consider the purchase decision important and risky as well as those that prefer partnering are receptive to branding (Mudambi, 2002). Branding industrial services organizations requires a special approach. First, service provider selection is a strategic choice (e. g. Dibb and Simkin, 1993). Second, the interaction between the buyer and the industrial service provider is highly complex and long-lasting (de Chernatony et al. , 2003). Finally, King (1991) and Berry (2000) suggest that corporate branding is more suitable for services companies than service branding, owing to the inherent dif? culties of differentiating between services (Ferguson, 1996). In corporate branding the whole ? rm is mobilized to participate in branding and the brand is used to in? uence both customers and other stakeholders (de Chernatony and Harris, 2000; Schultz et al. , 2005, p. 12). Indeed, employee branding is effective when employees internalize the brand image and are motivated and empowered to project it to customers and other stakeholders (Miles and Mangold, 2004, 2005; Henkel et al. , 2007). However, employee branding becomes ineffective if the brand does not re? ect reality (Cushen, 2009). In a micro ? rm, employing up to nine persons, internal identity building is not as challenging as building a corporate image. Thus, existing research in the services sector is of limited relevance to micro companies. To ? ll the gap, this study focuses on understanding the activities of branding a micro-sized industrial services company. The article ? rst models theoretically the branding activities in micro organizations. The model maps out the relevant contextual characteristics by combining research on corporate branding, branding in the services and B2B markets, and small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) branding with SME marketing and industrial services marketing. After presenting the methodology, the paper introduces the analysis and ? dings of the case study and also suggests managerial guidelines and avenues for further research. Further, the model acknowledges the dynamic nature of services. Industrial service processes, with considerable customer participation, do not offer a standardized basis for corporate branding and thus, the brand is changing and evolving (Gronroos, 2007, p. 330). Moreover, customer ? expectations are often complex and unclear (Axelsson and Wynstra, 2002, p. 33). Due to the variety and complexity of the service creation process, producing brand equity is challenging (de Chernatony and Segal-Horn, 2003).

5 Minute Activities for Elementary School Teachers

5 Minute Activities for Elementary School Teachers Every elementary school teacher dreads that point  of the day when they don’t have enough time to start a new lesson, but yet, they have a few extra minutes to spare before the bell rings. This â€Å"wait time† or â€Å"lull† is the perfect opportunity for a quick activity  for the class. And,  what’s great about this type of  time-filler activity is that it requires little to  no preparation and the students tend to think of them as â€Å"play† time. Check out these ideas:   Mystery Box This five minute filler is a terrific way for students to develop their thinking strategies. Secretly place an item into a covered shoe box and ask the students to figure out what is inside without opening it. Allow them to use all of their senses to find out what is in the box: touch it, smell it, shake it. Suggest to them to ask â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† questions such as, â€Å"Can I eat it?† or â€Å"Is it bigger than a baseball?† Once they figure out what the item is, open the box and let them see it. Sticky Notes   This quick time filler helps students build their vocabulary and spelling skills. Write compound words in advance on sticky notes, dividing each half of the word into two notes. For example, write â€Å"base† on one note and â€Å"ball† on the other. Then, place one sticky note on each student’s desk. Then students can go around the classroom and find the peer who owns the note that  makes the compound word. Pass the Ball   A great way to reinforce fluency is to have the students sit on their desks and pass a ball while saying anything, from rhyming words to naming the capitals of the United States. This is a fun time filler where students will enjoy playing while reinforcing important learning concepts. The act of passing a ball engages students and keeps their attention, and encourages order within the classroom by limiting who is speaking and when. Should students get out of hand, use this as a  teachable moment  and review what it means to be respectful of each other.   Line  Up This is a great five minute activity to take your time lining the students up for lunch or a special event. Have all of the students remain in their seats and each student stands when they think you are talking about them. An example is, â€Å"This person wears glasses.† So all of the students who  wear glasses would stand up. Then you say, â€Å"This person wears glasses and has brown hair.† Then whoever has glasses and brown hair would remain standing and then line up. Then you move on to another description and so on. You can modify this activity to last two minutes or even 15 minutes. Line up is a quick activity for children to reinforce their listening skills and comparatives. Hot Seat   This game is similar to Twenty Questions. Randomly select a student to come up to the front board and have them stand with their back facing the white board. Then choose another student to come up and write a word on the board behind them. Limit the word that is written to a site word, vocabulary word, spelling word or anything that you are teaching. The goal of the game is for the student to ask his/her classmates questions in order to guess the word written on the board.   Silly Story   Challenge students to take turns making up a story. Have them sit in a circle, and one by one add a sentence to the story. For example, the first student would say, â€Å"Once upon a time there was a little girl that went to school, then she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then the next student would continue the story. Encourage children to stay on task and use appropriate words. This activity is the perfect opportunity for students to develop and use their imagination and creativity. This can also be turned into a longer project in which students collaborate on a digital document. Clean Up   Have a clean-up countdown. Set a stopwatch or alarm and assign each student a specific number of items to clean up. Tell students, â€Å"Let’s beat the clock and see how fast we can clean up the classroom.† Make sure that you set rules ahead of time, and every student understands exactly where each item goes in the classroom. As an extra incentive, choose one item be the â€Å"trash of the day† and whoever picks up that item wins a small prize. Keep it Simple Think of the skills you want your students to grasp and prepare activities that correlate with that, then use those five minutes to practice those skills. Younger children can practice printing or coloring and older children can practice journal writing or do math drills. Whatever the concept is, prepare for it ahead of time and have it ready for those awkward in-between moments. Looking for more quick ideas? Try these review activities, brain breaks, and teacher-tested time savers.

An Afghan Wife Essay Example

An Afghan Wife Essay Example An Afghan Wife Essay An Afghan Wife Essay Most of Afghanistan is a backward place with the old of traditional tribal leaders. Afghanistan saw steps being taken towards the emancipation of women after the Russian occupation. Traditionalists disliked the government installed in the socialist period and with US support, Russians were evicted from Russia by traditionalist leaders such as Taliban. The fundamentalist Taliban government put the clock back by a thousand year confining the women to their homes. Blaming Taliban for the plight of women would be wrong, as the traditional Afghan society has always suppressed women.The women role as wife is confined to house hold work and rearing children. The situation after American invasion of Afghanistan has not changed at all and the society has reverted to the practices of pre-Russian control period. Afghanistan is a symbol of repression for women and the situation is unlikely to improve until the hold of tribal leaders is liquidated. Unfortunately, after the US invasion of Afghanistan the role of these tribal leaders has become even stronger. There is a clear need to improve the status of women in South Asia and Middle East. Women in Muslim countries have a lot of ground to make up to reach gender equality.A World Bank Report shows that through out the world women have not achieved equal status with men. Figure-1 shows the comparison given in this report [World Bank, 2000]. Developed countries of Europe, America and Eastern Europe are well ahead of the rest of the world in achieving gender equality but women have not achieved equality with men anywhere in the world [World Bank, 2000]. This may appear to be rather suffocating but family is an important component of life in the subcontinent. The values taught form early childhood and reinforced by practical example of the parents and extended family.Even if the family leaves the restrictive cultural environment of Indian subcontinent and moves to a developed country where these social and economic compulsions are not present, most women of Indian Muslim families respect the traditions of strong families and with the financial security of the developed country still maintain strong family bonds and traditional values. The high rate of divorces, the psychological effects on children of broken families and loosening of the family bond in developed world is often presented as a negative impact of gender equality in traditional societies. Discussion ConclusionsRole of a wife in various cultures has been changing continuously. In the old days when education was not common or compulsory, the society was male dominated even in the western society. Compulsory education of women was the first step towards demand for decent right for women. The hold of religion also became weak and women increasingly became more independent in expressing her views in the family matters. As the desire to improve standard of living made it necessary for both men and women to work, the economic independence brought a western wife mush more say in managing family affairs.There is no doubt that with improved education among women and availability of employment opportunities will give women more say in managing their family. The campaign for gender equality in the world and 500-channel visual world of television will only accelerate the pace of this change. This change is necessary but the challenge for women is to assert their right in managing family affair without the arrogance of breaking the family unit apart.Bibliography1. Aboriginal Women, (2007), [Online] retrieved from Internet on 27 January 2007, http://abcnews.go.com/International.

Financial Markets & Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial Markets & Risks - Essay Example Then we’ll make an assessment of the impact on the banking system if short-term interest rates were to rise. And at last let’s provide an explanation of the actions the ECB might take if the rumours of liquidity problems in other institutions prove to be correct. Over the last few years, the euro area has witnessed a gradual recovery in economic activity. The recovery started in the second half of 2003 and has now led to ongoing trend growth rates that seem to be close to our present estimates of the potential growth rate of the euro area economy. Several factors are behind the relatively gradual pace of this recovery, including oil price increases, the restructuring and reshaping of the productive sector triggered by global competition, and a possible decline in potential output growth. First, taking a longer-term perspective, there is some evidence that, underlying the moderate growth rates over the last few years, there may have been a decline in trend potential output growth in the euro area, particularly when comparisons are drawn with most of the 1980s and 1990s. The trend potential output growth rate seems to have moved closer to the lower bound of the previously estimated range of 2.0-2.5%. The sustained decline in euro area labour productivity growth has been identified as the main factor explaining lower potential output growth. Euro area labour productivity growth (measured per hour worked) was 2.4% in the euro area from 1981 to 1990. However, during the period 1996-2004, productivity fell to 1.3%. Decomposing trend labour productivity growth, in turn, shows that this decline reflects both lower growths in total factor productivity and less capital deepening. There is a wide consensus that the still significant structural rigidities in the euro area factor and product markets are likely to explain the lacklustre

Justification Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Justification Report - Essay Example From among the host of publications and journals reviewed, the following three were actually evaluated: Logistics Management, Transportation Journal and Journal of Business Logistics. However, since our organization would only require one journal, I recommend the Logistics Management since it complies with the criteria set for the most appropriate journal in our profession. As a brief overview of the journal, the Logistics Management boasts of keeping â€Å"logistics and supply chain professionals up-to-date on the latest news and trends in transportation services, equipment and technologies† (EH Publishing Network, 2011). By subscribing to it, our organization would be abreast with the current news, trends and offers that are crucial in the services we offer. The detailed information that makes this journal preferential among the others are as follows: 1. Cost and frequency of publication. Its detailed subscription offer for new subscribers is detailed herein: Cover Price: $9 9.00; Sale Price: $0.00; Savings: 100% (12 issues free delivery within US and Canada). Offered and delivered once a month, new subscribers are given an introductory promotion of receiving free 12 subscribed copies for the first year to enable us to try and avail of their journal. 2. Content.

Critical Thinking to Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Thinking to Decision Making - Essay Example The paper "critical thinking" describes the importance and benefits of critical thinking by making decisions. Critical thinking is necessary in the academic field so a understand arguments made by others and their beliefs. It allows one to evaluate, analyze and explain arguments and beliefs thereby reducing the risk of acting on or adopting a false belief. It also allows one effectively defend his/her own beliefs through well-supported arguments. With a focus on critical thinking skills and intellectual traits, critical thinking can be used to identify misinformation, bias, distortion and self-deception; thus allowing one to make the right decisions regardless of surrounding factors. For instance, students can make sound decisions regarding course majors by considering their beliefs and basing their arguments on logical conclusions drawn from evaluating available information. The students, through critical thinking, should also be able to defend their decision by presenting an amicab le argument. In addition, critical thinking skills help medical personnel in the examination and diagnosis of ailments in patients. Through critical thinking skills, they can question, evaluate, and analyze available data to make a conclusive decision about the situation faced by their patients to provide the appropriate medical care. Critical thinking in health care is applied by collecting information from the patient and correlating it with existing theories and practices and challenging them to provide diagnosis.

Maintaining a Competitive Edge in Business

Maintaining a Competitive Edge in Business INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The performance of nay business nowadays is very much triggered by stringent competition due to the existence of other players in the respective industries with the iam of providing the general consuming public with products and servces which were previously made available by other suppliers. To survive such predicament, businesses execute their own set of strategies. Various operations strategies have ben identified in order to maintain their sustainable competitive edge and to establish their place in the market as against other players in the industry. In this paper, the researcher will closely analyze the case of J. Sainsbury, a leading supermarket with interests in finance in the United Kingdom. The researcher will identify the performance objectives of the entire industry and compare it with that of J Sainsbury, and analyze order qualifiers and order winners as regards to the business operation of the business. More importantly, the researcher will also give suggestions on what steps can the company do in order to maintain its sustainable competitive advantage despite the growing competition in the industry with the entry of other players and the growth of previously identified competitors. PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance objectives refer to a set of goals and aims specified by the company or the industry which are expected to be achieved after implementation and execution of a set of strategies which are formulated top improve the performance of the organization. The supermarket industry in the United Kingdom is very diverse and competent as each have varying strategies and tools on how they can better serve the public so that they will have an increased market share as against the other players. The key performance objectives of the operations of these supermarkets are geared towards increasing their market share and generating more profit. One of the performance objectives of the entire supermarket industry in the United Kingdom would be to increase their economic value which involves earnings in profit, creation of new customers, innovation, and the best use of available resources. Furthermore, another performance objective of operations in the industry would be imp rovement of the companies social function which entails their ability to perform the conduct of their business while reaping benefits which are beneficial to the society such as corporate social responsibility measures. One more performance objectives would be to improve its human capital which in turn will reciprocate better service in the industry. Another performance objective of the business would be helping in the growth of the nation through improving internal and external environment of the company. The last performance objective of the company would be to be able to expand operations on other areas of the business aside from food retail which has been the industrys main business. ORDER QUALIFIERS AND ORDER WINNERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Order qualifiers refer to the characteristics various products which are offered by the company that can qualify for such products or services to be considered for purchase by the customer. On the other hand, an order winner refers to the characteristics of a product or service that wins the order or the final and most important factor which triggers the purchase. A company is said to be in a trouble if its best investments or its sustainable competitive edge is not important to the general consuming public. Order qualifiers and order winners are important for the firms products and services because eit stipulates the criteria which are identified by the consuming public and these criteria must be present in their offerings for such to be considered as a valuable option.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For instance, in the United Kingdom, when the shoppers think of which supermarket they should buy their needs, they consider these supermarkets in terms of order qualifiers. Order qualifiers would include which ones has the lowest price, highest quality of products, socially responsible business, most accessible, among other factors, nonetheless, presented with this qualifiers, the customer will choose which one to visit base on the order winner or the characteristic or final consideration which makes them choose that supermarket, normally the organizations sustainable competitive advantage. For instance, it can be assumed that what makes J. Sainsbury an order winner is its focus on quality which makes them the best in food and health as they deliver to the public a perpetually improving quality shopping experience exceeding customer expectations. THE OPERATONS OF J. SAINSBURY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being one of the leading supermarkets in the United Kingdom, J. Sainsbury has been continuous in providing the public with a shopping experience of the highest quality in terms of the products and services which it offers. The remaining section will discuss the operations of J. Sainsbury in line with the performance objectives in the industry which have been earlier identified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first performance objective identified was economic benefits. J. Sainsburys operation undeniably surpassed is economic benefits as illustrated by the profits which the company earned in the previous year. According to the companys Chief Financial Officer, they made good progress despite the challenging economic environment and their sales even soared 6% higher from the previous year which is indicative of a good economic performance. The company is also generating more than 18 million customer transactions on a weekly basis with a 16% market share. Furthermore, in terms of its social function the company also showed in its operating review its continuous emphasis of corporate social responsibility as being significant in the growth of their business. The company has made a positive difference in many communities by being able to support charities such as Comic Relief where they raised almost 10 million pounds and Active Kids where their donation almost reached 70 million pounds worth of sport equipments and other items. They have also implemented efforts to reduce to negative environmental impact of some supermarket practices such as when it comes to plastic bags. The improvement of the workforce has also been identified as a performance objective in the industry. Such has been shown by the company thorugh its efforts to improve the quality of the labor force for better service. It also continuously gives out monetary bonuses and incentives for good service performance which will motivate the employees to do better because they know that they are being recognized. Another performance objective earlier identified was being able to help in the growth of the nation. J. Sainsburys has been committed to this by providing employment opportunities which gave the citizens an avenue of earning as they work in a dynamic corporate environment. It also perpetually creates opportunities to help the unfortunates in the nation by involving in partnersh ips with different groups. The last performance objective of the industry as earlier identified would be being able to expand their operations to open more opportunities and to serve more markets. J. Sainsburys response to this objective would be improvement in its non-food sector such as sales for home and lifestyle items. They have also expanded business through their additional channels to reach more market such as going on-line. RECOMMENDATIONS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As what has been shown by the discussion above, it can be assumed that the performance of J. Sainsbury in the market is doing well. The financial performance is indicative of good business while their corporate social responsibility is indicative of how well they help the society by bringing back whatever they have earned from the public. The strategies which have been identified and formulated by the company showed success in being able to maintain its competitive advantage in the market and in being able to manage competition from other players in the industry. The increase in their net sales is indicative that they were able to manage other players and they were able to do business in a good way despite the challenges which where brought about by the global economic downturn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be able to maintain its competitive position in the industry, J. Sainsbury must be able to perpetually put an emphasis on its on-going strategies and how maximum benefits can be reaped from such. Competition will always be rough in an industry which is as rough as the supermarket business in the United Kingdom. Both small and big players will have continued efforts in order to outplay and compete against each other. There will be competitive efforts which will focus mainly on price as such ahs been deemed as the most important order qualifier among the general consuming public. To be able to manage such competitive strategies, J. Sainsbury must always remember that the lowest price does not guarantee the most market. Price is a big indication towards purchase, but more emphasis should be put into quality as such is more important. There is a significant need to be able to compete on price. Nonetheless, the need to compete on quality can otherwise prove to be mo re paramount among consumer concerns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The operations strategies which have been earlier identified will help the company increase its share in the market or at least retain its current position. The researcher recommends that the company must put a continued emphasis on its efforts towards helping the community and the entire nation. The corporate social responsibility or the set of practices of every organization which are geared towards the environment should always be of paramount concern. The general consuming public is being increasingly aware of how to protect the environment. With that, the company must be sensitive towards this concern and must continue its efforts towards providing the public with an environmentally friendly shopping experience such as through the bags their use and improvement in their waste disposal practices in order to keep the environment clean. Moreover, they should also continue their efforts to help communities in which they pay back from the revenues they have earned from the public. A portion of their earnings shall be directed towards helping others by showing value to the same society which gave them the profit in the business. More importantly, it should continue to generate employment opportunities in the United Kingdom to be able to help the nation and to help improve the performance of the business by employing more competent and qualified individuals who can render excellent customer service which in the long run will translate into increased profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The competitive environment for supermarkets in the United Kingdom is tough. Nonetheless, with the formulation of effective individual operation strategies, the business will be able to outplay competition and survive in the marketplace as it continue on its perpetual efforts to help the public by offering them with a shopping option of the highest quality. REFERENCES: J. Sainsbury Annual Company Report (2009). Retrieved on April 29, 2010 from http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/ar2009_report.pdf Business Studies (n.d.). Objectives of Business. Retrieved on April 29, 2010 from http://www.nos.org/Secbuscour/cc03.pdf Waterman H. (2007). UK Supermarket CSR Reports: A Comparison Using Environmental and Social Reporting Guidelines. Retrieved on April 29, 2010 from http://www.fcrn.org.uk/researchLib/theses/supermarket%20CSR%2007%20Holly%20Waterman.pdf

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay -- Lord of the Flies Good V

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Lord of the flies was written by William Golding in 1954. It is an enthralling, book that explores the concept of the behaviour of man when he is exempt from society. Golding achieves this by stranding a group of British schoolboys on a secluded island, in the midst of a war. Throughout this period the boys evolve from being civilised and let savagery take over. This book is well written and effectively presents the theme of the story: the evil that man is capable of. Once read, this book will stay in your memory for its provocative idea that humans are a flawed race. The story takes place on a remote, tropical island. As the island is secluded, there is no contact from the outside world. This is significant because this means that the rules that applied in the outside world don’t apply here. The boys are now free from society, which holds together people’s judgement of what is right and what is wrong. The absence of such an influential factor to the peace of man, permits anarchy to break out. The island is a microsm of the real world. This means that the same fundamental activities that take place in the real world also take place on the island, just on a smaller scale. For example the outside world is fighting an intense war; a war is also taking place on the island, the battle of civilisation and savagery. The lord of the flies presents many themes and ideas. The major ones being good versus evil or civilisation versus barbarism and the evil man is capable of. Golding portrays that there are two major impulses in man. Order and civilisation or anarchy and savagery. He also implies that anarchy is the more dominant impulse. He depicts the battle of good ve... ...brutality and evil of man. They have just killed piggy and have compared his body to one of a dead pigs, they don’t even view him as a human, let alone value the life of a human. The contrast presented in the quote, â€Å"Which is better – to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?† paints a picture of the central theme of the story. Civilisation or Savagery. The boys finally get rescued at the end of the book by a navy officer. Linked to the outside world it is ironic because this officer, dressed in white is depicted as an angel, their salvation. However this very soldier is a symbol of the evil man is capable of, by fighting in the war. This book has demonstrated that humans are flawed. We are capable of great evil. This is still relevant in today’s society because, put under the right situations, you too could carry out unspeakable atrocities.

Differences Between Inquiry and Investigation Essay

According to sec-4(k) of CrPC,1898-Inquiry includes every inquiry other than a trial conducted under this Code by a Magistrate or Court. Section 159 of the Code empowers a Magistrate on receipt of a police report under Section 157, Cr.P.C. to hold a preliminary inquiry in order to ascertain whether an offence has been committed and, if so, whether any persons should be put upon their trial. In cases triable by the court of sessions and proceedings take place before a Magistrate, which are in the nature of an inquiry preparatory to sending the accused to take his trial before the Court of Session ; the Magistrate in such cases is bound either to discharge the accused or commit him for trial, but he has no power to declare an accused either guilty or innocent of the offence with which he is charged. An inquiry is also done by a Magistrate in cases triable by himself under S. 202 of the Code. On a complaint being filed before a Magistrate, he examines the complainant and the witnesses on oath in order to find out whether there is any matter which calls for investigation by a criminal court. The Magistrate may not act on the complaint and dismiss it if he distrusts the statements of the complainant and the witnesses and the result of the inquiry does not establish sufficient ground for proceeding. All these proceedings are in the nature of inquiry. Investigation: According to sec-4(i) of CrPC,1898- Investigation includes all the proceedings under this Code for the Collection of evidence conducted by a police-officer or by any person other than a Magistrate who is authorised by Magistrate in this behalf: Investigation consists of steps taken by a police officer other than a Magistrate to ascertain whether any offence has been committed at all and, if so, by whom and what is the evidence on which the prosecution can be based. Investigation can also be made by a person specially authorized by a Magistrate to do so. The case is only started if investigation by the police reveals that an offence has been committed by the accused, otherwise not. Differences between inquiry and investigation Provsion Inquiry Investigation According to sec-4(k) of CrPC,1898-Inquiry According to sec-4(i) of CrPC,1898- includes every inquiry other than a trial Investigation includes all the proceedings conducted under this Code by a Magistrate or Court. under this Code for the Collection of evidence conducted by a police officer or any person authorized by a magistrate.

Symbolic Play essays

Symbolic Play essays Jean Paiget, a Swiss born doctor began his work at the Binet institute, adapting verbal reasoning tests for French children. It took him much of his career to develop his own cognitive-development theory, which was at the time, very unique compared to the dominant behaviorist and psychoanalyst theories. His work didnt reach the United States until the mid 50s and since then the field has been active with theorists from opposing sides trying to integrate their ideas with Piagets four stages of childhood development (Rathus, 2004). Jean Piagets second stage, preoperational, starts at age 2 and continues until about 7. This stage in Piagets scheme is characterized by inflexible and irreversible mental manipulation of symbols. The child begins to represent words mentally but still has egocentric thought. Children in this stage cannot focus on two aspects of a situation at the same time and therefore lack conservation (Rathus 2004). An important feature of this stage is symbolic play, which represents pre-linguistic skills that support subsequent development (Lyytinen et al., 2001). Through this activity, concepts that children learn are modeled, practiced and honed. Symbolic play serves to reinforce receptive language skills and build expressive language skills. Play does not come before language skills develop and language skills cannot develop well without play. During this period of development in a childs life they are not mature enough to learn in a structured manner but this does not mean they dont absorb information. The practical life lessons and language they gather receptively on a day-to-day basis you can see replayed, reinforced and experimented with during a childs playtime. Ungerer and Sigman break play behaviors into four categories. Simple manipulation is defined by instances of mouthing, waving, banging or throwing a single toy. This type of play starts ...

David Pham Tran Essays (371 words) - Cinema Of The United States

David Pham Tran Essays (371 words) - Cinema Of The United States David Pham Tran AP Lit Oct 5th Summer Novel Reading - The Help by Kathryn Stockett Persuasive Paragraph: If you are trying to get woke, then you should definitely read this book. This book is a bit longer than four hundred pages but it is going to be worth your time. If you don't want to read the book, then the movie carries the same message just as breathtaking as the book. I'm not saying you should watch the movie instead of the book. I'm just trying to say that you should experience The Help one way or another. The Help brings some political aspects to readers due to its main take on African-Americans in the 60s. It also is a feel-good book because it gives readers a sense of justice being served in both meaningful and humorous ways. This book is a platform for minorities, especially African-Americans, to raise awareness about privilege and racism. The author didn't use many expansive and complex vocabularies, therefore, making the book very easy to read and understand. The reading level of this book is probably for 8th grade and up. You should read this book to expand your understan ding of inequality in American. How to Read Literature Like a Professor Paragraph: The Help by Kathryn Stockett is the perfect illustration of the five quest elements. The quester here is Skeeter, a Caucasian woman, trying to give oppressed African-American maids through her book. The second quest element could be when Skeeter sneak into the home where the maids gather. Skeeter sneaking into the home so she could interview the maids about their life for her book is the third element, the reason. The fourth element, challenges and obstacles, would be Hilly Brooks or the maids' refusal to be in the book at first. Hilly Brooks could be considered the main obstacle in the book because oppressors like her inflict fear upon the maids causing the to fear punishment for speaking against Caucasians. The final element is the real reason, the moral lesson, behind the journey. Skeeter learn that all these women have been suffering all their life and they have to keep it all to themselves. These women don't have a voice for themselves.

How does Moslow's Hierachy of needs play a role in employee appraisel Essay

How does Moslow's Hierachy of needs play a role in employee appraisel - Essay Example When we talk about motivation, Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" comes forth as one of the more known theories that explain the roots of motivation. His provocative ideas about motivation, self-actualization and synergy have become the basis of some familiar concepts to many managers, management theorists and trainers. His humanistic approach to management has influenced fields as diverse as counseling, health care, education and marketing. Fact is that Maslow actuated a serious investigation as he delved deeper in the human psyche to study the roots of motivation. In his fervent and unrelenting investigations, he carefully studied human behavior and delineated five basic goals of that every human need. By level of importance, he identified the needs as physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. One could infer in this proposition that it is the task of each human being to achieve his or her own concept of self-actualization. Physiological - As humans are classified as living beings, physiological needs definitely are the most basic and of prime importance in the list of human needs Maslow enumerated. Physiological needs are necessary to maintain life, like hunger, thirst, sleep and many other human activities that involved the palpable human body itself. Safety - After physiological needs are met eventually, humans seek a sense of security from danger and deprivation, that's where safety needs come into picture. Love and Esteem - After physical needs are satisfied, humans as social beings desire companionship, camaraderie and the sense of belonging. Love and esteem are the emotional need that nourishes the human psyche in order for a person feel better about himself or herself. Self-Actualization - This describes the need for self-fulfillment, an urge of individuals to attain their dreams and goals in life for self-development, creativity and job satisfaction. Maslow steadily moved ahead from his peers upon formulating a new explanation of human nature. Its foundation was his radical theory of motivation, which has come to be known as the "Hierarchy of Needs". He passed up a great argument that people have needs for physiological, safety, belongingness, love, self-respect, self-esteem and what he called self-actualization-the desire to become all that a person can become in life. Maslow adds that if in the past lower level needs like physiological and safety needs are just the things the management rewards to its people to ensure protection and sustenance to his family, as society advances to contemporary times, in order for management to be effective they have to satisfy the higher needs too. In Maslow's articles published in 1942 and 1943, he summed up his theory as: It is quite true that man lives by bread alone-where there is no bread. But what happens to [our] desires when there [is] plenty of bread and when [our] belly is chronically filled At once, other and higher' needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate [us]. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new and still higher' needs emerge, and so on. This is what we mean by saying that basic human needs are organized into a hierarchy.... (Sheldrake, 1996 p. 353)

The lessons for auditors and regulators from Enron fraud Essay

The lessons for auditors and regulators from Enron fraud - Essay Example This paper concerns the auditing as an investigative process performed to verify the reliability and accuracy of a company’s state of affairs for the last fiscal period. A comprehensive and authentic audit report adds to shareholder values and assists the company’s stakeholders to analyse how the management has responded to their financial interests. In addition, business decisions of third party stakeholders such as banks, other lending institutions, and investors are centred on the company’s annual audit report. It seems that even a well structured audit programme may fail to provide desired outcomes unless the whole audit team pays special attention to each and every phase of the audit process. The past decade witnessed a series of corporate scandals including Lernout & Hauspie, Arthur Anderson, Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, Peregrine Systems, Rite Aid, and Homestore.com. Subsequent investigations have proven that majority of those failures were attributable to a ccounting fraud. However, these incidents greatly increased the significance of audit work and firms nowadays allot more money for developing internal control systems. Many of the economists argue that weaker corporate governance structure also greatly contributed to those corporate failures. As a result, organisations are vehemently trying to improve their corporate governance framework. Evidently, audit firms have made strategic amendments to their processes and procedures to detect frauds and errors in the account books of the client on time. This paper will analyse the lessons that auditors and regulators must learn from Enron Fraud. Enron Scandal: Overview In 1985, The Huston Natural Gas integrated its natural gas pipeline companies with those of InterNorth under the supervision of Kenneth Lay to form Enron. The Enron became the North America’s largest natural gas dealer by 1992 and the company’s gas contracts trading operations significantly contributed to its ma rket dominance. The firm’s stock rose by 311% during the period 1990-1998 and its market capitalisation went over $60 billion by the end of the year 2000. This unimaginable growth assisted the company to be rated as the most innovative huge company in Fortune’s Most Admired Companies survey. Unlike other corporate giants, the Enron had not published its balance sheet along with statement of earnings and this practice persuaded financial analysts to explore the company’s sources of income. Despite the explanations given by the company officials, Enron’ stocks started to fall in 2001 mainly due to its indecipherable nature of business and vague accounting practices. Following the stock level declines, the company faced a series of challenges including restructuring losses, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation, liquidity issues, and credit rating downgrade. The Enron scandal was revealed in October 2001 and it gradually led to bankru ptcy. Reports indicated that Enron scandal was the biggest audit failure at that time. Jeffrey Skilling, the former President, CEO, and COO of the Enron Corporation, misled the company’s stakeholders through special purpose entities, accounting loopholes, and unsupported financial reporting practices and therefore they (stakeholders) were unable to identify debts resulted from failed deals and projects. These deceitful practices assisted the company to exaggerate its profit figures and thereby unfairly retain the trust of its shareholders. Andrew Fastow, the Chief Financial Officer, and other executives misled the Enron’s board of directors and also forced Andersen to neglect the issues. As per reports, the Enron shareholders lost nearly $11 billion when the company’s stock price fell from US$90 per share in mid-2000 to less than $1 in late-2001 (World News Inc, 2012). Following this issue, the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission commenced an investigation to bring out the actual reasons behind this